Climate Change Action and Emissions Management

Climate Change Action and Emissions Management at Türk Telekom

Climate Change Action Plan

Climate Change Action Plan Prepared within the framework of our Climate Change Action Plan, our climate transition plan includes steps to reduce our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to the 2020 baseline, with the aim of achieving net zero carbon by 2050. Our transition plan is based on an approach that strengthens energy efficiency, increases the use of renewable energy, and is based on science-based low-carbon practices, while maintaining financial soundness. Our ultimate goal is to reduce carbon emissions across our value chain, starting with our own operations.

As Türk Telekom, we consider the prevention of environmental impacts and pollution to be one of the fundamental elements of our environmental management approach. In line with our Climate Change Action Plan and environmental policy, we implement environmental management systems aimed at reducing potential pollution impacts on air, water and soil, and we promote energy efficiency, circular economy, effective waste management and responsible resource use practices across our operations and value chain. We regularly monitor our environmental performance through targets aligned with national and international standards and are committed to reducing emissions and environmental pollution impacts through a continuous improvement approach.

As of 2025, we continue to implement our climate transition plan under the following six main headings:

1. Renewable Energy Projects Renewable

energy projects play a critical role in the implementation of our climate goals and are among the priority focus areas of our long-term environmental transformation strategies. In this context, the Sivas SPP investments, which began in early 2025, were completed by the end of the year. The first phase of the three-phase project, Sivas SPP, has become one of the Türkiye’s highest-capacity unlicensed energy facilities with a capacity of 96 MWe / 128 MWp. Our SPP field has the capacity to meet approximately 15% of our total energy consumption in 2025. In addition, the legal permit processes for the Malatya and Ağrı SPP projects have been completed, and the tender and installation phases are planned to begin in 2026. We aim to commission these two facilities within the next two years.

The solar power plants with a capacity of 309.8 MWe and the Sivas SPP field with a capacity of 96 MWe, which are planned to be completed in the coming period, correspond to approximately 65% of the current total electricity consumption. In the medium term, we are evaluating options to increase solar capacity in line with changing energy needs. Renewable energy solutions will continue to be among our key priorities in the process of achieving net zero carbon targets.

2. Energy Efficiency and Optimisation Projects

Energy efficiency and optimisation projects form another key pillar of our climate transition plan. We aim to reduce our dependence on grid energy by continuing our current energy efficiency efforts. We are reducing energy consumption by replacing our low-efficiency equipment with new-generation technologies and increasing the use of solar energy at our base stations. In our fixed infrastructure, we are continuously investing in fibre conversion with high energy efficiency. By implementing AI-supported optimisation systems in our data centres, we plan to design our next-generation data centres at a 1.2 PUE level. Furthermore, our objectives include investing in 4.5G and 5G technologies that provide higher energy efficiency, using gases with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) in cooling systems, and increasing the number of electric vehicles in our fleet.

3. Science-Based Emission Reduction Targets

Our SBTi-aligned emission reduction strategies form the basis of our climate transition plan. Our goal is to reduce our direct (Scope 1 and Scope 2) emissions by 45% compared to 2020 levels by 2030, with the aim of achieving Net Zero emissions by 2050. In this context, we plan to achieve an average annual emission reduction of approximately 4.5%. We plan to expand our group-wide greenhouse gas inventory efforts to include Scope 3 emissions, thereby incorporating the impacts of our supply chain into our targets. Within this framework, we aim to complete the SBTi target validation process and create a roadmap that is consistent with international standards. During the 2026- 2030 period, we will implement all necessary measures to achieve the specified reduction targets and continue our Net Zero-focused strategies beyond 2030.

4. Other Environmental Issues

We are resolutely continuing our initiatives to reduce our environmental impact as part of the fight against climate change. In the field of waste management, we aim to go beyond our legal obligations and implement more comprehensive and systematic projects covering the recovery and recycling of electronic waste. In this regard, we have prioritised programmes for the recovery and recycling of customer-generated electronic device waste in our action plans. We also aim to develop collection and recycling processes by segregating non-hazardous waste from network waste and IT equipment.

In the field of water management, we aim to implement smart solutions that will reduce water consumption in our offices in the short and medium term; and to develop rainwater harvesting systems and alternative cooling technologies in our data centres. In this context, we are implementing misting methods that increase cooling efficiency and optimise water usage in our data centres. In the coming period, we aim to carry out our sustainable water conservation projects on a larger scale.

Under the heading of pollution prevention and control, we are implementing practices that minimise waste generation and encourage reuse and recycling. We are continuing to develop projects to replace the gases used in cooling systems with alternatives with lower GWP values and to ensure the recovery and reuse of refrigerant gases in existing systems. In this context, we take into account eco-design criteria that consider reducing environmental impacts in the selection and renewal processes of air conditioning systems; we encourage the use of equipment that uses refrigerant gases with low Global Warming Potential (GWP). Furthermore, the environmentally friendly recycling of gases extracted from old air conditioning equipment is also among our plans.

We have obtained the necessary licences for environmentally friendly mobility solutions and are active in the electric charging station market. With our investments in this area, we aim to encourage the use of electric vehicles and reduce fossil fuel consumption and associated carbon emissions. In this regard, we support the electrification transformation in the automotive sector in Türkiye with our Digital Products and Thematic Investments Group Company, TT Ventures.

We place environmental responsibility at the heart of our procurement processes. By promoting sustainable practices throughout our supply chain, we aim to implement environmentally friendly methods aligned with our Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) goals at. In this process, we continuously expand our efforts to reduce our environmental impact by establishing close cooperation with our suppliers and business partners. Türk Telekom assesses its impacts and dependencies on biodiversity as part of its Double Materiality Assessment. Biodiversity is evaluated as a distinct sustainability topic, including the potential impacts of our operations on ecosystems and sensitive areas. The results of the assessment inform our approach to identifying, monitoring and minimizing potential impacts on biodiversity.

We subject the projects we finance under sustainable finance to an environmental and social risk assessment process prior to financing, in line with the Türk Telekom Sustainable Finance Framework. We evaluate projects based on criteria such as climate change impacts, resource use, pollution prevention, and environmental impacts, and only include projects that meet the specified eligibility criteria in our financing scope. We conduct the project evaluation and selection process through the Sustainable Finance Working Group, established with the participation of relevant business units. Accordingly, we exclude activities that pose significant environmental or social risks from our financing scope.

The Türk Telekom Technology Centre and Türk Telekom Campus have been designed in line with environmental sustainability criteria and have earned LEED Gold certification. In our buildings, we focus on increasing energy and water efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving indoor air quality, promoting the use of sustainable materials, and implementing effective waste management practices. Through these practices, we reduce the environmental impact of our operational facilities while contributing to the widespread adoption of environmentally friendly building standards.

5. Monitoring and Annual Reporting

We closely monitor our comprehensive monitoring and annual reporting processes to measure the impact of our climate transition plan and support our sustainability performance with concrete data. This allows us to regularly track critical indicators such as energy efficiency, investments made and the benefits they provide, and changes in greenhouse gas emissions.

Through our annual sustainability reports, we transparently share our progress with our stakeholders and make our performance measurable and comparable. In the coming period, we plan to take our monitoring and reporting mechanisms further by increasing measurement detail, strengthening data verification processes, and including forwardlooking performance forecasts.

6. Strengthening Data Management and Reporting Infrastructure

During 2025, we comprehensively reviewed and enhanced our internal systems to make the reporting of operational data more effective, consistent and traceable. While simplifying our data collection and consolidation processes, we transformed the structure, which was spread across different units in some areas, into a more centralised model. This transformation has enabled us to manage data flow more effectively; we have strengthened our control mechanisms, thereby increasing consistency and data reliability in the reporting process. Through these efforts, we are further strengthening our integrated reporting approach in line with our principles of transparency and accountability.

Our Emission Reduction Strategies and Targets

We develop comprehensive strategies to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions and implement them using scientifically and internationally recognised methods. We first began calculating our greenhouse gas inventory in 2011 and, as of 2023, have taken this process a step further by calculating our Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions in accordance with the GHG Protocol. This work, carried out in accordance with relevant standards, ensured a comprehensive assessment of our carbon emissions by covering all Group Companies, unlike in previous years.

In 2025, we continued to implement various strategies to reduce our carbon emissions and enhance environmental sustainability. Our energy efficiency projects were one of the cornerstones of these strategies. Through optimisation and conversion projects carried out in our fixed and mobile networks, we achieved total annual energy savings of 47 GWh.

In 2025, we deployed more efficient cooling equipment and carried out regular maintenance activities, significantly reducing failure rates and lowering refrigerant-related emissions. Through these improvements, we enhanced our environmental performance. In addition, we offset 38% of our total Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions through I-REC certificates, an international certification system that verifies the environmental integrity of every 1 MWh of renewable energy purchased. When the 47 GWh of energy savings achieved through our efficiency projects are taken into account, this share increased to 41%. As a result, in 2025, we reduced our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by 35% compared to our base year 2020, moving one step closer to our target of a 45% reduction by 2030 and net zero by 2050.

We are also strengthening our commitment to renewable energy investments with I-REC certificates. In 2025, we will achieve a reduction of 260 thousand tonnes of CO2 e in our Scope 2 emissions through the I-REC certificates we purchase to increase our consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources. Compared to 2024, we are increasing our use of I-REC certificates by 20% in 2025, purchasing a total of 600 thousand MWh of renewable energy certificates and resolutely continuing our efforts to reduce our environmental footprint.

While reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we support our value chain with low-carbon emission products. By taking a holistic approach to our emission reduction strategies, we have successfully maintained our “A” Leadership rating in the CDP climate category in 2025. We also achieved an A- score in the CDP Water Security category, which we reported on for the first time. Furthermore, as the Türk Telekom Group, we have committed to reducing our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by 45% by 2030, based on 2020 levels, and to achieving Net Zero emissions by 2050, in line with the SBTi. In line with this, we calculate our greenhouse gas inventory according to international standards, conduct our verification processes in accordance with relevant standards, and confirm the reliability of our emissions data through third-party independent audits.

* Note: Scope 2 emissions have been restated for prior years due to improvements in electricity consumption data, as well as changes in data and calculation methodologies for Scope 3 categories, including electricity T&D, purchased goods and services, and capital goods. As a result of these updates, total emissions for 2020, 2023 and 2024 changed by 0.03%, 0.01% and (4.78)%, respectively.

Improvements in Emission Calculation and Data Management Processes

As in previous years, this year we comprehensively reviewed our data collection infrastructure and methodologies for Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions calculations. As a result of this assessment, we made improvements to the activity data that form the source of our emissions. In addition to these improvements, we further enhanced our reporting processes and control mechanisms. We make improvements in our annual reporting and in this regard, we support consistency and reliability in the reporting process by increasing our control mechanisms.

Within the scope of these efforts, we also reviewed our historical data sets by tracing them back to their source; we included minor consumption that had not been included in the calculations in our inventory and revised discrepancies in data entries at. Due to these improvements, we have increased the accuracy level of our emissions inventory while further strengthening our data quality and internal control structure.

Emission Intensity

In recent years, while the number of fixed voice subscribers has declined due to the impact of technological transformation, there has been an increase in mobile, fixed broadband and TV subscriptions. Our energy efficiency projects, GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) conversions and the renewable energy certificates we have purchased have made a significant contribution to the reduction in emission intensity. We track our emissions performance using indicators such as annual net revenue and emissions intensity per subscriber.

In 2025, our emissions intensity per net revenue in USD decreased by 28% annually to 75 tonnes of CO2 e/million USD. During the same period, despite an increase of 4.1 million mobile and 76 thousand fixed broadband subscribers and the addition of 13 thousand base stations, our emissions intensity per subscriber also decreased by 13% annually to 7 tonnes of CO2 e/ thousand subscribers.

A Step Forward on the Net Zero Journey

In line with our goal of building a sustainable future, we continue to take significant steps towards a low-carbon economy. While continuing our efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we support our value chain with lowcarbon products and services. We aim to create a sustainable ecosystem by offering low-carbon solutions not only in our operations but also to our business partners and customers.

In this context, we have become a member of the GSMA Climate Action Taskforce, which represents over 80% of global mobile connections in 2025 and is recognised as one of the most prestigious initiatives in the global mobile communications sector. This membership is a strategic step towards global climate goals and further advances our Company’s sustainability vision on an international platform.

We continue to contribute to the work of the GSMA Climate Action Taskforce, which supports the development of climate actions in the mobile communications sector on a global scale. Through this platform, we participate in joint efforts to monitor the progress made by mobile operators towards climate goals, develop reporting practices, and increase sectorial transparency.